Area Of A Window Formula
The beginning and nigh obvious task of the window is to permit in the room natural lite. According to the building standards valid in Russia, the minimum ratio of glazing and floor areas in residential premises is i/8 for facade windows and 1/10 for roof windows. In this "formula", only the translucent part of the structure is involved, and so that one should not forget to subtract the frame, imposts and similar "trifles" from the finished window area.
Illumination strongly depends on the binding of the house to the locality (its orientation relative to parts of the globe, the presence of sprawling trees nearby) and on the characteristics of a detail building. The "pattern" shading factors include balconies and terraces (or rather, accompanying overhangs of the roof), dormer windows (because of them the light is lost in the slopes), and so on. About often, these features are disregarded in the "Mediterranean" houses - by reproducing numerous shelters feature of a hot climate, the architect forgets to increase the glazing area, which is why the cottage built in the middle lane is in perpetual dusk. By the manner, co-ordinate to the requirements of SanPin ii.ane.2.1002-00, the sun should "exist present" in residential premises for 2-3 hours per day.
Always in touch on
The windows will make your favorite bathroom especially cozy. FAKRO
Windows provide the inhabitants of the house a constant contact with the outside globe. Outside the urban center, this aspect is especially important: the opportunity to relish the landscape ofttimes serves as one of the arguments in favor of moving "to nature". Of class, the larger the glazing area, the more pleasant it is to admire the dazzler, the benefit of modern oestrus-saving designs give the light-green lite to the spread of panoramic and "French" windows in the heart lane and fifty-fifty in the north.
To stay in the room was comfy, the bottom of the window should beginning no college than 110-120 cm from the floor and finish exterior the ii-meter mark - this arrangement will open up the view to both the seated and the standing person. This applies to both vertical and mansard glazing: even if the low-cal pouring from the ceiling is more than enough, the lack of a review volition create an unpleasant feeling of existence airtight, which, among other things, will significantly reduce the liquidity of the object. Opaque elements should be positioned in such a way that they do not create a visual barrier.
Fresh air
Light openings in the roof requite the dwelling a unique expect.
If the windows are installed correctly, the business firm volition never be loftier humidity and mustiness. Since modernistic constructions, whether plastic, wood or aluminum, are practically hermetically sealed in a closed state, the standards adopted in Russia specifically stipulate the need for ventilating devices. All ventilators operate according to a like principle, forcing the sash to move several millimeters from its place. The gap formed is sufficient for efficient air exchange without drafts.
With large volumes, dormer windows equipped with an "all-weather" ventilation system do a good chore.
Paradise in a hut
And finally, the book of the room - as is known, the location, shape and size of the windows play a truly key role in its perception. Every year, demand is increasingly shifting toward light projects with high ceilings and large windows; The idea of a second (upper) calorie-free, which falls on the kickoff floor of the skylights, is gaining popularity. Correctly "arranging" natural light, it is easy to turn a business firm of a adequately modest size into a palace, and vice versa - no matter how spacious the apartments are, poor light and pocket-sized window-slits volition spoil the whole impression and lower the liquidity of the project.
Saving and living
Overhead low-cal by VELUX
How well the windows cope with the above tasks becomes articulate literally from the threshold, but with the same energy saving, the state of affairs is not then simple - to dot the i, it is necessary to live in the house at to the lowest degree one or even several winters. As already mentioned, some modernistic solutions give very little heat loss, and you can reduce them to a minimum past considering the location of the openings. Orienting the nigh big windows on "warm" directions (south, due south-w) and applying double-glazed windows with a heat-reflecting internal blanket, it volition be possible fifty-fifty to hold most of the solar free energy in the room. All-time of all, when natural low-cal is present to ane caste or another everywhere, including corridors and stairs, the transition from a sunlit room to twilight is fraught with loss of orientation and, as a result, with ridiculous injuries. And equally in the bathrooms, where many ladies bring beauty, natural lite is simply irreplaceable. If it is an overhead calorie-free, then in that location is no need to worry about preserving privacy: the slanted windows glare strongly.
Past the way, the right location of the working surfaces (desk or agency in the part, the cut table in the kitchen, etc.) relative to the windows tin can noticeably postpone the moment of the evening lights beingness turned on.
Chiaroscuro
Speaking about the quality of lighting, experts hateful how interesting it is and at the aforementioned time evenly. The effect of "interestingness" is most often achieved through a bizarre game of highlights and shadows, emphasizing the dignity of the interior ornamentation of the room. The second indicate is more prosaic: a standard window is non always able to completely "pierce" a long room, and in contrast to the brightly lit front section, the far half will look particularly gloomy. In that location are two solutions to the problem: entering the acme (through the roof) light, which is non e'er possible, or increasing the superlative of window openings.
Sun protection
Two-light spaces provide an opportunity to "play" with glazing
Even in the middle lane there is a menses when the sun'southward rays are not welcome guests in the dwelling; in addition, in the cottage settlements often demand a "screen", fencing off privacy from prying eyes.
Depending on the location of the means of controlling the lighting is divided into two groups. Internal protection is first of all the skillful old defunction and defunction; more versatile and constructive option - blinds. To protect the outside include awnings and shutters. The technological methods of limiting the luminous flux - tinted, also as electrochromic glasses, whose transmittance tin be adjusted up to 10% of the original, stand up somewhat autonomously. Toning unobtrusively will hibernate the premises of the ground floor from prying eyes, but it must be borne in heed that at nighttime the mirror consequence appears from inside, slightly resembling a police station.
The internal protection from the sun, alas, is ineffective - penetrating into the room, the rays will withal rut and drapery and the air, particularly between the glass and the drapery. Outside awnings are more functional. Existing command mechanisms and weatherproof constructed materials make them comfy and durable in apply.
Before starting repairs, you need to decide on the scope of work, costs and summate the amount of materials needed for the purchase.
In that location are too other reasons when y'all need to know the exact dimensions of the floor:
- checking the accuracy of the building;
- redevelopment and and so on.
In this article we volition explain how to find the flooring area of a room of various shapes.
Rectangular rooms
First y'all demand a measuring record and a calculator.
The virtually common choice is a rectangular room, the formula for finding its foursquare is known even to a pupil:
Due south = a * b (multiply length by width)
For example, a room with parameters of four * 6 m has an area of 24 square meters. thou
Some other thing, if you have congenital-in furniture or a fireplace. If you practice not plan to remove them for the time of repair, and exercise the styling effectually them, and so you should also consider their size and subtract from the total value.
All the same, this option is suitable only for the "cosmetic repair" of the surface, if you do or install new lags - you will definitely have to dismantle everything.
Irregular rooms
The calculation of floor area in such cases requires a preliminary division of it into simpler elements. For example, you accept an L-shaped room - it will be easiest to divide it into 2 rectangles, calculate their sizes separately and fold.
Calculate the size of triangular elements
If the second part of the room is not located at a perpendicular angle relative to the master role, information technology ways that there is also a triangle between 2 rectangles, the sides of which converge at a right bending.
For case, if the triangle has legs of iii.v and 4.5 g: Southward = (3.5 * 4.5) / 2 = 7.9 m².
To calculate the quadrature of such a room, you must first calculate the quadrature of the rectangle, and then for the triangle, and subtract its dimensions from the total value.
Here is an example of calculation according to the values specified in the diagram:
- Rectangle = ii.5 * ane.75 = 4.4 m2.
- Sloping triangular angle = (0.57 * 0.57) / two = 0.2 m2.
- Total size = 4.four - 0.2 = four.2 m2.
If the triangle is not rectangular, then its calculation is done according to Heron's formula:
The designation "p" is a semi-perimeter. For example: we have a triangular floor, the sides of which are v, 6 and seven meters.
Make a calculation for such a figure:
- We find the semi-perimeter: (5 + 6 + 7) / ii = nine.
- Substitute the values in the formula: √ (9 * (9-5) * (ix-six) * (9-7)) = √ (nine * four * 3 * 2) = √216 = 14.7 m2.
Calculation of round elements
Often the old houses at the window, or on the balcony combined with the room, have such a rounded shape.
To do this, first calculated half of the protruding function of the circle, and added to the main rectangular role.
The formula for calculating:
S = πR ii/two, where π is 3.fourteen, R 2 is the radius of the circle in the square.
For instance, we have a semicircular protruding balcony with a radius of 1.v m.
Substitute the numbers in the formula and find its quadrature:
S = 3.14 * one.v 2/ii = 3.v square meters. m
Wall area
Separately, information technology is worth noting that the area of walls across the flooring area cannot be found, as some people are trying to do. The betoken is to find the square of the floor you need only 2 values: width and length, and to calculate the walls you need to know also their summit.
For example, you lot considered the dimensions of the floor 5 * six meters, and the room has a height of two.5 meters.
- Summate the perimeter of the walls: (v + 6) * 2 = 22 m.
- S = 22 * two.5 = 55 sq. M. chiliad
Annotation!
Do not forget to subtract the square of the door and window openings after calculating the walls.
Although they are sometimes not specifically taken into business relationship in guild to save a stock of materials.
The ratio of windows and gender
The size and number of windows in living rooms and in the kitchen depend on the specific room.
- The didactics in the SNiP 31-01-2003 for multi-apartment residential buildings recommends observing the area of windows to the floor area in the range from ane: 5.v to one: 8. On the upper floors, it is permissible to make windows with a minimum of one to 10 to the floor.
- For private houses, the norms of SNiP 31-02-2001 utilise; for every 8 squares of the floor there should be at least 1 square of a natural light source. On the cranium floor, this ratio may be at least i:10.
Annotation!
Also for residential buildings there are standards for the ratio of artificial lighting to the floor surface, described in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and 23-05-95.
Conclusion
Be attentive to the preparatory stage of repair, pre-calculate all sizes, fabric consumption, and then you volition not have difficulties during work:
- shipping price volition be minimal;
- there will be no shortage;
- there will be no large leftovers.
The video in this commodity volition testify yous how complex cottage calculations take place. "Width =" 640 "height =" 360 "frameborder =" 0 "allowfullscreen =" allowfullscreen "\u003e
Despite the fact that the manual method of counting takes more time than using ready-made calculators, this method remains the most accurate.
The video in this article will testify yous how complex calculations cottages.
Choosing the correct size affects not just the condolement of the attic, but also the appearance of the whole business firm.
In modern individual houses you tin can often see residential attic, bundled on the upper floors, roofs and in under the covering space. The rooms are similar, similar other living rooms, require lighting, with the exception of storage rooms, dressing rooms, toilets. What sizes of dormer windows you need to choose, what area to take nether the glazing, how many windows you demand to build into the attic can be adamant using the regulatory framework and GOST and expert advice will help determine the number of windows and their location. There are high requirements for the construction of roof windows. The window must be strong enough to withstand current of air gusts and precipitation. Provide the necessary degree of illumination, maintain the ventilation of the room and at the same time not violate the aesthetics and the overall architectural appearance of the building.
Types of roof windows
At that place are various types of window constructions embedded in the roofs of buildings. The main division of window openings in the roof of buildings occurs in the auditory and mansard. Nether the hearing means constructions arranged in attics, in guild to requite access to air and light. Basically, the openings of the dormer windows are bundled vertically and require the construction of a truss structure.
Dormer windows are oft small.
Auditory window openings brand a triangular shape, arched or trapezoidal, glazed entirely in a vertical aeroplane. Depending on the type of roof, windows are as well divided into:
- windows in a lean-to roof;
- windows in the dual gradient roof;
- windows in the hip roof;
- arched structures (with a semi-circular or arched arch);
- apartment french.
Nigh oft, dormer windows make a triangular shape.
Dormer windows are dissimilar from the auditory in that they were initially inclined, embedded in the surface of the roof and gave more lite. At the moment, the mansard type is spreading more than and more than and along with the classical construction announced:
Tip!
The type and placement of dormer windows is recommended to choose, taking into account the style of the building and the location of conventional window openings. Otherwise, the view of the house will non be aesthetic, and attic openings will bring disharmony. Information technology should non deviate from the GOST.
Roof window selection
The determination on the choice of pattern, likewise as the number of skylights, should ideally be taken at the stage of creating the project and edifice the house . Since the width of window openings direct depends on the construction of the truss system, it is the blueprint specialists who should requite recommendations on the size of the openings of the attic window designs. If you lot take to rebuild an existing roof, constructing an attic in the finished house, and so you need to carefully examine the roof construction. In the quondam buildings information technology is possible and it volition non be possible to build in the window opening of the desired parameters, since the rafters of the roof will not permit embedding such a construction, y'all will have to be content with an auditory window. In relatively new homes, the restructuring of the attic nether the dwelling, will let to build in the appropriate attic window.
Pattern features
About oftentimes, the fastening of the attic window structures is made between the rafters. Frames should not laissez passer water, the amount of which on the roof is much larger, so the design must be airtight. The easiest way to buy from the manufacturer is a finished glass unit that will protect the room from cold and leakage.
The finished product is much easier to install, and its effectiveness is higher.
Fastening in the roof of the cranium window structures is fabricated using the support plate. The removal of moisture helps frame frame in the form of a metal frame. To open the drinking glass pane, there are friction loops arranged above the central centrality of the window. The arrangement of the loops is arranged in such a way that when opened, moisture drains onto the roof, and non into the room.
How to design
Designers in planning the construction of the cranium must attach to building codes and requirements and GOST. The main are SNiP Ii-26 and SNiP 21-01, adhering to these standards, you can ensure reliable and long-term operation of roof windows, at the same time, without violating the technical and operational characteristics of the roof and the entire edifice.
In improver to technical issues, it is as well important to take into account the aesthetic component.
The principal requirements of GOST and SNiP for window constructions arranged in the roof include:
- requirements for the slope of the slopes, which should not exceed 35 degrees;
- the location of superstructures must withstand the prescribed distance from the external walls of the business firm
- opening flaps cannot accept a size less than 0.60x0.80 m;
- permissible size of 1.20 × 0.80 m;
- openings on structures with a hip roof at iv-bending openings should not be located on the facades, which are a continuation of the wall of the firm.
Facing materials according to GOST can be used various types: copper and metal sheets, tiles, plastic elements.Rigid requirements for structural characteristics non in the Standards. Skylights can take projections or sink within, take their own visor and gutter. Large window openings may accept a balustrade construction that adorns the architectural appearance of the edifice. The windows-lucarnes, which are characterized past the presence of the side walls, also take place and fit organically into the facades with a continuous glazing.
Quite popular window designs that can transform into a balcony.
How to determine the surface area of glazing
The dimensions of the glazed surface in the attic rooms, as well as in all residential areas are determined mainly by the area of the rooms. Co-ordinate to the state-of-the-art standards that exist in construction, the ratio of the living space of a room to the glass area of windows should be 1:10, i.e. 1 square meter of windows should correspond to each ten m2 room.
For children'due south rooms, every bit well equally living rooms, arranged in the attic, the ratio is recommended to choose 1: 8.All rooms, excluding toilets and utility rooms (storage rooms, wardrobes) should have at to the lowest degree one window opening.
Sometimes it is appropriate to glaze the unabridged expanse of the roof.
Where to place
Skylights differ from the usual ones because, due to their inclined arrangement, they give more light. . Therefore, they are widespread. When designing the location of the attic window openings, one should have into account the principle that two windows spaced apart in different places will give improve illumination than one of the same area. Recommended Land Standards level of the lower terminate of the opening - 85 - 125 centimeters from the floor level. The upper edge should non concur more 195-225 centimeters from the flooring level. Thus, the size of the gradient depends on the angle of inclination of the roof - the smaller the slope, the longer the opening.
The right location of the attic windows.
The size of window openings in accordance with GOST should not exist more ten% of the area of the plane below. If the window openings in the attic are too large, this tin lead to excessive heat loss. In addition, glass is less durable than the roof and a big glass surface can not incorporate natural precipitation and strong gusts of wind. The optimal solution for the location of the openings is strictly in the center between the rafters of the roof.
How to cull the opening system
Window control organisation - opening and closing, depends on the pattern and, showtime of all, on the centrality of opening of the frame. The centrality of rotation of the frame tin can exist located:
Combined structure of the attic window.
The about common control scheme has a fundamental location of the axis, since such designs are the most elementary and affordable.
Choose a window opening system
Window handles, every bit a rule, are located at the bottom of the frame, but the location tin can exist changed past the customer. If children grow up in a family, care should be taken to install a lock against capricious opening.If there are several openings in the attic room, a deaf construction is allowed on some of them, i.e. without opening-closing function. Expensive attic window openings are supplied with a remote command and the opening is made by an electrical (less ordinarily pneumatic) drive. Such a system allows you to quickly and easily ventilate the room.
Area Of A Window Formula,
Source: https://nashipoezda.ru/en/bulldozer/calculation-of-the-area-of-window-openings-snip-how-to-calculate-the-floor-area-formulas-for-rooms-of-simple-and-complex-shapes.html
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